Abstract
This article investigates what role of the Kıpchak-Turkic (Kuman) speaking ethnic groups played in Hungarian prehistory. The Hungarian (On-Ogur) and Kabar tribes brake away from the Khazar Empire in the 9th century. They conquered the Carpathian Basin and moved out of the Volga Region (Etelköz) but some Hungarians remained in the region (Alania, Bashkiria). Kuman and Kıpchak tribes started to dominate the Volga Region starting from the 10th century. In the 13th century the region was incorporated to the Mongol Empire as the Jochi Ulus, which promoted the Kuman-Kıpchak language as a lingua franca. Eastern Hungarian assimilated to these Kıpchak-Turkic speaking ethnic groups. After the disintegration of the Western Mongol Empire (Jochi Ulus) the nomadic Nogai Horde became the leading power in the Volga Region. This led to the formation of the modern ethnic groups like Nogai, Bashkir, Tawlu (Karachai-Balkar), Kumuklu and Kazan Tatar (Volga Bulgars). The ethnic history and folklore (oral history) provides many important data that helps us to reconstruct the prehistory of the Hungarian tribes in the Volga region.
01 Introduction
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