Vol. 107 No. 4 (2024): Мәдени мұра № 4 (107) 2024

The article highlights that Ayteke Bi was born and died in Nurata city, Navoi region of Uzbekistan, though his exact life dates are unknown. His burial site in the central cemetery of Nurata has remained renowned thanks to popular memory. For a long time, no lifetime portrait of him existed, but one was discovered only a few years ago.

The study examines the skeletal remains of Ayteke Bi, retrieved from his burial site, and presents a sculptural anthropological reconstruction of his skull. This reconstruction is compared with a lifetime portrait painted by Spanish artist Juan Haris at the end of the 17^th century.

The research utilized archaeological excavation, archival study, and anthropological methods, including M.M. Gerasimov's sculptural reconstruction technique. It confirmed the location of Ayteke Bi’s burial and provided an accurate representation of his appearance.

The findings suggest that the skeletal remains belong to Ayteke Bi, and the reconstructed image aligns closely with the historical portrait. Future depictions of Ayteke Bi should be based on these verified reconstructions and his lifetime portrait.

This study offers valuable insights into Ayteke Bi’s historical identity, combining anthropology and historical analysis.

3D modeling of archaeological artifacts involves creating digital representations of objects for detailed study and preservation of cultural heritage. Two key technologies used are scanning (laser and structured light scanners) and photogrammetry. This article focuses on the methodology for creating 3D models using structured light scanning.

The purpose is to share expertise in scanning archaeological artifacts, detail the methodology, and present results to the public. Conducted under the program "Kazakhstan in Antiquity and the Middle Ages: Systematization and Analysis of Archaeological Sources" by the Margulan Institute of Archaeology, the work involved scanning various artifact types.

The article outlines a universal method for scanning artifacts with structured light scanners, covering methodologies for museum exhibits of different sizes and ornamentation. The process—from scanning to uploading models on Sketchfab—is detailed. Recommendations for scanning artifacts of various colors and sizes are provided, alongside common errors caused by improper equipment settings or object properties.

An analysis highlights that Kazakhstani scientific institutions are in the early stages of adopting 3D technologies for archaeological research.

The collective article is devoted to archaeological research at Duzbai-V site in Auliekol district, Kostanay region. Duzbai-V Stone Age site is located next to several sites from the Mesolithic to the Iron Age, discovered in 1979. Archaeological research was carried out during the project of the Center for Research, Restoration and Protection of Historical and Cultural Heritage of Kostanay region. Authors concluded that the Duzbai-V is a continuation of the Duzbai-I or Duzbai-IV of Neolithic period. The assumption is that the Duzbai-V is continuation of the main site further from the river, behind a hill, where the water did not reach.

Authors note that there are not hunting or fishing implements at the Duzbai-V, referring to the Mahanjar culture. No arrowheads or spears were found, suggesting that the population was a type of gatherer. Authors note that on the Duzbai-V tools were made from plates, workshop is located on a hill from which the main settlement was visible.

During the research he methods of stratigraphy, planigraphy, comparative analysis, typology and also the method of modeling ceramic dishes from found fragments were used.

According to global archaeological practice, ceramics constitute a significant majority among the artifacts of material culture. The South Caucasus, abundant in diverse ceramic artifacts dating back to the Neolithic period, is no exception. Among the material culture findings of ancient Albania and Iberia, pottery also represents the most numerous category. Researchers classify these items into household, construction, religious-ritual, and decorative-miniature ceramics. This article examines the products of pottery production by types, forms, and ornaments within the context of ethnocultural connections in the region.

A key methodological component of this research is the comparative analysis of written sources, artifacts, and observations. Methodologically, the study does not focus on mass-produced ceramics from any specific geographic area of the region or on the typological classification and functions of utensils. Instead, it centers on imported and exported ceramic vessels produced by local potters. The aim of the study is to highlight the segment of ceramics that entered the region as a result of migration, internal trade, or other interactions, as well as exclusive ceramics that may have entered foreign environments through marital connections, gifts, or trophies.

The function of museums, except preserving cultural heritage, is playing educational, communication, and tourism center. The development of IT, the changing societal needs, and increasing competition force museums to incorporate marketing methods into their activities. Article analyzes the cultural and social roles of museums and examines the characteristics and development methods of modern global museum marketing. The main aim is identifying the features, content, methods, and effectiveness of museum marketing, and analyzing marketing tools to increasing the visibility of museums and implementing cultural and social mission.

The study uses theoretical and comparative analysis, as well as content analysis methods. Based on the theoretical research method, a review of domestic and international works of museum marketing was conducted. This method allowed for the systematization of theoretical aspects of museum marketing. The comparative analysis method was used to identify the effective aspects of marketing practices by comparing the marketing experiences of Kazakhstani and world museums. The article identifies the main priorities of museum activities and provides several specific recommendations aimed at increasing their competitiveness. The article emphasizes modern strategies and practical tools of museum marketing. The experience of the National Museum of RK is considered as the research object. 

The subject of this work was firearms in the Turkmen. The aim of our study is a detailed analytical description of firearms in the Turkmen in XIX c. based on an anthropological approach and a relatively historical method of the available historical studies. Numerous sources and periodicals of that time served as the main basis for writing this work. The authors employed an anthropological approach, a comparative-historical method, and a thorough analysis of source materials and press data.

The classification of hand firearms and some types of artillery showed a great variety of weapons available to the Turkmen. The old Finnish weapons, long outlived in developed Europe, continued to be used actively for a long time in the life of the Turkmen. The Turkmen also had artillery. They were cannons, portable small caliber ground-arms and fortress guns-falcons. Military activity had a significant position in the Turkmen society, and experienced craftsmen-gunsmiths enjoyed great renown and respect in the society. Turkmen gunsmiths skillfully adapted imported weapons, redesigning them, adapting to local traditions more modern Russian and European weapons.  However, local arms production was very limited and therefore it was actively imported from neighboring countries: Russia, Khiva, Bukharia and Iran.

The article is dedicated to the characteristic features of the Nowruz holiday, which is part of the work of the famous poet of Azerbaijan, M.Shahriyar, the rules of customs and ceremonies related to it, and the interpretation of its status in the modern era.

Purpose and mission of the study is to show that the Nowruz holiday has its own characteristics as well as a general Eastern value, that it is widely celebrated as the harbinger of the arrival of spring and that it has a humanistic character. The theoretical-methodological basis of the article written on the ideology of Azerbaijanism consists of chronological sequence, mutual and comparative analysis widely used in ethnographic research, and objective interpretation of the issue in a generalized form.  The work of M. Shahriyar, as well as data from historical and ethnographic literature materials were used in the investigation of the issue.

While working on the article, comparisons were made and based on the materials, it was concluded that Novruz holiday is widespread not only among Azerbaijanis, but in the East in general.In the article, the main attention is focused on the ideas about the holiday in the poem "Heydarbabaya salam" by the famous poet of Azerbaijan, M.Shahriyar. It became known that the population of South Azerbaijan followed a number of customs related to Nowruz and held interesting ceremonies.

Conclusion. The comparative analysis of the materials shows that the Nowruz holiday, which is related to agriculture and cattle breeding, is related to the historical and cultural development of our nation (including other Turkic nations) and reveals its ethnic characteristics.

The article will focus on the life and creative path of the screenwriter, writer, translator, researcher of musical folklore, craftsman, publicist, essayist, kuishi-dombrist – Talasbek Asemkulov.