Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive overview of the historical and cultural significance of the medieval city of Sarayshyk, one of the most important cities in Kazakhstan from the 13th to the 16th centuries. It describes the city’s formation and development, as well as its strategic role. The growth of Sarayshyk, its architectural features, lifestyle of its inhabitants, handicraft production, and trade system are examined based on archaeological evidence. Special attention is given to the contributions of renowned Kazakhstani archaeologist Zainolla Samashev, whose excavations revealed valuable information about the city. The article outlines four key stages in Sarayshyk’s rise and flourishing, highlighting its importance as a hub where nomadic and sedentary cultures intersected. It also presents current issues related to the preservation of the archaeological site and measures taken to protect it. The city’s significance as a commercial, cultural, and administrative center during the periods of the Golden Horde, the Nogai Horde, and the Kazakh Khanate—due to its location on the Silk Road—is clearly emphasized. The threat of destruction due to natural factors and potential conservation methods are also addressed. The author underscores the value of Sarayshyk as a cultural heritage site and proposes scientific and practical approaches to ensure its preservation for future generations.
01 Introduction
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